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В кластер включаются документы о причинах доминирования неэффективных или устаревших стандартов и систем над более современными альтернативами.
Общие признаки: институциональная инерция, сопротивление изменениям, эффект блокировки (lock-in), сохранение устаревших систем
Группа выше: Технические стандарты как социальное явление
Смысл: The main idea is that the QWERTY keyboard persists not necessarily because it is the most efficient design, but due to deep-seated social and educational inertia and the high cognitive cost of switching to a new standard.
Despite numerous technological attempts to replace it, the QWERTY keyboard remains dominant due to historical inertia and the unparalleled efficiency of tactile physical input.
Смысл: The main idea is that Texas Instruments maintains a dominant market position in the US education sector not through technological advancement, but through institutional lock-in and strategic ecosystem building, allowing them to sell outdated hardware at high margins.
Texas Instruments dominates the US classroom market by selling outdated Z80-powered calculators, relying on institutional inertia and teacher networks rather than technical innovation.