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Сюда входят документы о судебных постановлениях, касающихся прав на интеллектуальную собственность и их влияния на производство и доступ к технологиям.
Общие признаки: судебные прецеденты, интеллектуальная собственность, ограничение монополий
Группа выше: Патентная система и её реформа
Смысл: The main idea is that the US Supreme Court curtailed the power of manufacturers to use patent law to control products after their first sale, thereby protecting the right to repair and refill printer cartridges.
The US Supreme Court ruled that printer manufacturers cannot use patent law to prevent third-party refilling of cartridges after the first sale.
Смысл: The main idea is that the European Court of Justice authorized a levy on manufacturers of reproduction devices (printers, computers) to compensate copyright holders for private copying of their works.
The EU Court ruled that printer and computer manufacturers can be taxed to provide 'fair compensation' to copyright holders for private copies made using those devices.
Смысл: The main idea is that the US Supreme Court ruled that naturally occurring human genes cannot be patented, thereby ending the monopoly of companies like Myriad Genetics over critical cancer-risk testing and ensuring natural DNA remains accessible for public health and research.
The US Supreme Court unanimously ruled that naturally occurring human genes cannot be patented, though synthetic versions remain patentable.